Sensory Perception Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Sensory Perception - Essay Example This means that whenever a certain sensation is perceived through the different senses of the body, information becomes processed as per what has already taken place in the past making it an issue of associating events. As a result, this is backed by the Pavlovian theory of reinforcement, and this makes information to be perceived as accurate provided a given stimulus is introduced every time to produced similar effects (Ban & Gantt, 2008). However, this pavlovian theory plays a significant role in labeling sensory information as inaccurate in events when experience contradicts sensory input. In most cases for sensory information to be perceived as inaccurate, a process termed as the construction of doubt takes place within an individual, whereby it creates a break down in the association between stimulus and expected results (Asratyan, 2001). The breakdown in belief takes place slowly and accounts for the largest factor that leads to inaccuracy of sensory information due to the pres ence of contradicting experiences from time to time leading to inconsistencies in perception of stimuli. In order to believe in sensory information, an individual’s intent also features in that it all depends on what the individual expects to perceive or gain from the sensory experience. This can be taken from the psychological situation of the individual making belief in sensory information to be accurate or inaccurate based on their state of being. For example, a fiercely hungry person perceives food on almost all instances including those that have nothing to do with relief from hunger. In addition, the external environment plays a key role in the accuracy, which is especially so in the case of cognitive impenetrability (Barth et al, 2012). The concept of cognitive impenetrability contributes to the inaccuracy of sensory information based on the environment in that the external environment may have objects and aspects that are not apparent to sensory organs, but these, bas ed on experiences are apparent to cognition. Consequently, cognitive impenetrability accounts for data inaccuracy in cases where one does not logically and critically process or analyze sensory information to make an immediate decision. This makes sensory data largely unreliable and invalid in spite of perceiving the immediate environment correctly as per available senses, but in the absence of cognition and experiences. Sensory information can further be made accurate or inaccurate based on confounding of different sensory organs and the data perceived. One sensory organ can pick information correctly, while another can take in information from a different angle making the information conflicting and interpretation becomes difficult. This also makes sensory information processed inaccurate by not following dynamics of the environment and the input of all the senses (Hwang, 2008). Besides the different factors mentioned in influencing the accuracy of sensory information, analysis an d assessment of sensory data, nature and nurture are involved. Nurture plays a large part in interpretation and evaluation of date through application of acquired information and experience in learning, also known as perceptual learning. Nurture allows interpretation of data as per active or passive cognition, in which case it serves to correct internal errors (Barth et al, 2012). These are errors emanating from nature in perception, as nature allows interp

Influence of Non-economic Environments on Management Effectiveness Essay

Influence of Non-economic Environments on Management Effectiveness - Essay Example This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the non-economic factors of business environment and describes the effects that this factors could have on an overall economic performance of any organization. One of the most important issues when designing a business strategy is the location and the evaluation of the factors that could influence the operation and the performance of the business. The nature of the factors that can ‘interact’ with a firm’s management can vary in accordance with the following variables: the type of business activities, the country where the firm operates, the political and natural environment and the culture/ knowledge/ ethnicity of the employees but also of the employer. Moreover, these factors can be related to financial data or to other elements of non-economic character, like the physical environment, the human resources and the market (referring to the people and not to financial activities). In order to achieve an integrated presentation of the non-economic business environment that has an influence to the structure, the decisions and the performance of its management, we should refer to its separate elements (in both external and internal area) as they can be observed from their interaction to the firm’s activities. The role of the non-economic factors to the business management can be characterized as critical regarding the consequences that they may have on the performance and for the individuals that participate to the firm’s operation. Behavior of the business as an entity is also important as it can provide the measures for the limitation or even the elimination of the negative consequences that can follow the interaction of the non-economic factors with the corporate activity.